What does the '5 Whys' technique help to identify?

The '5 Whys' technique is a problem-solving method that involves asking "why" multiple times—typically five—to delve deeper into the cause of a problem. This iterative questioning helps uncover the root cause, rather than just addressing superficial symptoms.

For example, if a machine breaks down, instead of simply fixing the broken part, a team would ask why the part failed, and then continue to ask why for each subsequent answer. This process often leads to the identification of systemic issues or underlying factors that contributed to the problem. By addressing the root cause, organizations can implement effective solutions that prevent recurrence, which is a key goal of Total Quality Management (TQM).

This technique is particularly valuable in continuous improvement efforts, as understanding the root cause of problems enables teams to implement changes that enhance processes and reduce waste, aligning with TQM principles.