What does the term "lean" refer to in process improvement?

The term "lean" in process improvement specifically emphasizes minimizing waste while maximizing value. This approach seeks to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities within a process, ultimately leading to more efficient workflows and better utilization of resources. By focusing on what adds value from the customer's perspective, lean methodologies prioritize actions that directly contribute to meeting customer needs and satisfaction.

In this context, minimizing waste can refer to various forms, such as excess inventory, waiting times, unnecessary movements, and overproduction. The goal is to create a streamlined process that enhances value for both the organization and its customers. Consequently, by implementing lean practices, organizations can improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the overall quality of their offerings.

This makes the second option the most aligned with the core principles of lean thinking, which is rooted in maximizing value through waste reduction. The other choices, while they represent important aspects of operational improvement, do not encapsulate the comprehensive philosophy and focus of lean methodology as effectively as the correct choice.