What is root cause analysis?

Root cause analysis is a systematic approach used to identify the fundamental reasons behind a problem or issue. This method focuses on uncovering the core factors that lead to undesirable outcomes rather than merely addressing the symptoms of those problems. By identifying these underlying causes, organizations can implement effective solutions that prevent recurrence, leading to ongoing improvement in processes and outcomes.

In root cause analysis, various techniques such as the "5 Whys," fishbone diagrams, and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) can be employed to facilitate thorough investigation and understanding of complex problems. This is essential in Total Quality Management (TQM), where the goal is to enhance quality and eliminate defects by addressing the root of issues rather than treating superficial symptoms.

The other options, while they represent different concepts in business and management, do not align with the definition and purpose of root cause analysis. Predicting future trends, maximizing profits, or analyzing employee performance do not directly involve identifying the basic causes of problems, making them unrelated to the core objective of root cause analysis.