Which principle encourages participation from all employees in quality initiatives?

Total employee involvement is a key principle in Total Quality Management (TQM) that emphasizes the importance of engaging all employees in the organization in the pursuit of quality improvement. This principle recognizes that each individual, regardless of their role, has valuable insights and contributions to make toward enhancing processes and outcomes.

When employees at all levels are encouraged to participate, it fosters a culture of teamwork and collaboration, leading to more innovative solutions and a stronger commitment to quality initiatives. This broad involvement helps to break down silos within the organization, ensuring that ideas and feedback are shared across departments, thus creating a more cohesive approach to implementing quality improvements.

The principle supports the notion that everyone plays a part in achieving organizational goals, which not only boosts morale but also increases the likelihood of sustainable quality improvements as employees feel a sense of ownership and accountability for the results. This approach aligns closely with the core objectives of TQM, which seeks continuous improvement and customer satisfaction through collective effort.

The other choices emphasize different aspects of management and quality but do not inherently promote the active participation of all employees in the way that total employee involvement does. For instance, top-down management typically relies on directives from higher levels of the organization without encouraging input from all employees. Customer focus emphasizes understanding and meeting customer needs